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Speak up for every child's right to education.

Thursday, December 30, 2010

IMP:your attention reqd.

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Speak up for every child's right to education.

Tuesday, December 28, 2010

IMP:your attention reqd.

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JOB OPPORTUNITIES IN EUROPE

Sunday, December 12, 2010


WANTED FOR SINGAPORE / AUSTRALIA / NEWZEALAND

* ENGINEERS
* IT PROFESSIONALS
* HOSPITALITY
* FOOD & BEVERAGES
* BANKING
* HEALTH CARE
* NURSING
* RETAIL MANAGEMENT
* ADMINISTRATION
* CALL CENTRES
* MECHANICS / WELDERS
* PLUMBERS, ELECTRICIANS
* FABRICATORS, RIGGERS,
* WELDERS,FITTERS,
* TURNERS, PLASTERERS
* EXCAVATOR OPERATORS
* CONCRETE WORKERS
* BRICK LAYERS,
* CLASS 3 DRIVERS
* 'U' TURN WORKERS

All above Catagories Should possess relevant Qualification Viz ITI Diploma's /  Degrees and also work Experiences of 3-5 Years.

* We arrange Students admissions in Foreign Colleges

Valid Passport can Apply online:
arbightassociates@yahoo.in

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JOB VACANCIES - QATAR


QATAR - BOUYGUES - BATIMENT INTLS

ENGINEERS - ELECT / HVAC / PLUMBING
FORMAN/C. HAND - ELECT / HVAC / PLUMBING
A/C MECHANICS / PIPE FITTER / INSULATORS / DUCTMAN
ARC WELDERS

ATTRACTIVE SALARY + FREE FOOD + OT

Report For Client Interview on 17-12-10 at

SOORIYA TRAVELS & TOURS
7, Reddy Street, nerkundram,
Chennai - 107

email: sooriyahr@gmail.com

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JOB VACANCY - DUBAI


DUBAI A LEADINGGROUP OF CO
                       REQUIRED URGENTLY

Client Interview at Chennai on 14th Dec'10

FOR STAR HOTELS
  • HOUSE KEEPERS
  • KITCHEN STEWARD
ATTRACTIVE SALARY - IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE
Interested Canditate should apply Immediately with their resume to

Chennai Ct: Office No.16, Kumbath Complex 3rd Floor,
                                    700, P.H. Road, Aminjikarai, Chennai - 29
E-mail: aadiljobs@gmail.com

AIMS INTERNATIONAL
G B 1 boman House. Ground Floor,
2 Hamji Street, Fort Mumbai  - 01


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Thursday, December 2, 2010












  •  

OUTDOORS 


  • Avoid cutting grass in late summer when mould spores are present in decaying vegetation

SEVERE REACTIONS, ALLERGIC ANAPHYLAXIS 
Aims to prevent contact with the allergens that induce anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals and to provide strategies for dealing with episodes of allergic anaphylaxis

  • Carry an emergency pager or mobile telephone to call assistance
  • Carry /Wear Medic - Alert information
  • When traveling abroad, carry an anaphylaxix - alert card in the language of the country being visited detailing food drug and insect allergies
  • Learn how not to attract insects: 
          - do not wear perfumes or bright colors
          - do not pick ripe fruit, avoid refuse bins             and compost heaps which attract insects
          - keep car windows closed when deiving
  •     Avoid allergenic ingredients in ready - made food by reading the ingredient lists
  • Whenever eating outside,make sure to check with the cook that allergenic foods /oils are not used in dishes
IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT 

Ensure that parents,teachers, fellow students, and school administrators are aware of the necessity to provide a safe environment for children at risk for anaphylaxis to foods or insect stings.

  • Create a no -food area of the school playground
  • Identify a supervisor to carry a telephone for emergencies
IN THE OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
  • Avoid contact with airborne or contact allergens : for example, airborne latex can be avoided by co-workers using powder - free latex gloves.





 





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PRACTICAL ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE ADVICE


COCKROACH ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE

Remove the cockroaches eliminates the places and conditions in which they can live, and removes

  • Eradicate cockroaches with appropriate insecticides
  • Seal cracs in floors and ceilings
  • Remove sources of food
  • Control dampness
  • Clean floors with water and detergent to remove allergens
  • Bedding,curtains and clothing can be contaminated and must be washed
MOULD ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE  
Prevents mould from growing, and mould spores from becoming airborne during mould removal 
INDOORS:                                            
  • Ensure heating, ventilation or air - conditions systems are properly maintained
  • Use 5 % ammonia solution to remove mould from bathrooms and other contaminated surfaces
  • Avoid using carpets : replace wallpaper with paint 
  • Repair indoor water damage immediately
   
           
  •  

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PRACTICAL ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE ADVICE

Wednesday, December 1, 2010



ADDITIONAL STRATEGIES
  • Use a good quality vacuum cleaner ( if possible one fitted with HEPA filter )
  • Use a damp cloth when dusting and cleaning surfaces
  • Avoid using carpets so that the floor can be wiped clean
  • Remove / reduce curtains and soft furnishings in the bedroom
  • Replace fabric - covered seating with leather or vinyl
  • Remove soft toys from the bedroom ; WASH THEM AT 55 - 60 C OR FREEZE THEM ( IN A KITCHEN DEEP FREEZER ) to kill house dust mites
  • Do not allow pets in the bedroom
  • House dust mites are transparent and have no natural protection against sunlight. Exposure of mattresses, rugs and carpets to direct strong sunlight ( for more than 3 hours ) kills mites.

POLLEN AVOIDANCE 

PROVIDES MECHANICAL BARRIERS TO POLLEN CONTACT
  • Keep windows closed at peak pollen times, e.g. in the evening when airborne pollens descend to lower altitudes
  • Wear glasses or sunglasses to prevent pollens entering the eyes
  • Consider wearing a mas over nose and mouth to prevent inhalation of pollens at pea time
  • Do not cut grass yourself
  • Keep windows closed when the grass has been cut 
  • Use air - conditioning if possible
  • Install car pollen filters if possible

PET ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE

REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF PET ALLERGEN INDOORS

  • If possible find another home for the pet and do not bring new animals inton the home
  • Exclude pets from bedrooms and if possible keep pets outdoors
  • Vacuum carpets and mattresses regularly, if vacuum cleaners are available
  • Change clothes before going to school / work if you have attended your horse /cat/dog


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PRACTICAL ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE ADVICE

Tuesday, November 30, 2010


HOUSE DUST MITE ALLERGEN REDUCTION: 

Aims to reduce the amount of mite allergens in the home

MAJOR STRATEGIES

  • Wash bedding regularly ( every 1-2 weeks ) at 55 - 60  c, if possible to ill mites: ( Washing with cold water removes 90 % of mite allergens : washing at 55- 60 c kill mites but does not denature mite allergens )
  • Wash pillows and quilt in hot water 55-60 c and encase pillows and encase mattresses with protective coverings
  • Ensure sufficient ventilation of residence to decrease humidity and avoid damp housing conditions. 











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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT





7 th  year : " PERIOD OF REFINEMENT "
  • Uses a vocabulary of several thousand words.
  • Able to understand reasoning and make the right decisions.
  • Can tell time : knows the days, months, and seasons.
  • Individual learning style becomes more clear- cut.
8 th : " HALFWAY UP THE STAIRS "
  • Increasingly aware of self as a person.
  • More conscious of how he is different from others.
  • More independent and outgoing. Likes to lead and organize.
  • Has a solid sense of numbers. Learning multiplication and fractions.
  • Writes longer more detailed stories.

9 th year : " SELF- MOTIVATED "

  • Becoming more self - motivated. 
  • Thinks through before attempting a new task.
  • Recognizes and utilize numbers for basic computations ( using addition subtraction multiplication and division ).
  • Comfortable using a computer for word processing educational games.

10 th year : " THE SMART KID "


  • Better able to understand analyze, and compare what he sees and hears to what he already knows.
  • Finds and reads boos of interest by her.
  • Divides, Works with fractions mixed numbers,decimals and common denominators.
  • Can work on a project both independently and as part of a team.

11 th year : " THE MOODY"

  • Enjoys reading alone.
  • Has a need to know and understand " why " 
  • Better understand the value of money and what it will buy.
  • Can manage own time to meet homework and project deadlines.
12 th year : " DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE" 

  • Wants to be involved in decisions that will effect him/her.
  • Proofreads and revises written work as needed.
  • Can perform mathematical functions quickly and accurately.
  • Continues to develop a more sophisticated understanding of algebra and geometry.



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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Monday, November 29, 2010


IS YOUR CHILD ON TRAC WITH HIS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT


Cognitive development focuses on how children learn and process information. it is the development of the thinking and organizing systems of the mind. It involves  language mental ability, thinking, reasoning , problem solving and memory development. While every children develops at his own pace here some typical cognitive milestones during 2 years to 12 years of age.

2 nd  year : " Miss /Mr Independent "

  • Responds to simple directions. 
  • Identifies rooms in own house.
  • Identifies clothing items for different occasions.
  • Recognized self in mirror , saying baby, or own name.
  • Can tal briefly about what he/she is doing imitates adult actions.
3 rd year : "Goodbye babyhood, hello childhood"

  • Recognizes and matches six colors.
  • Builds tower of more than 10 blocs.
  • Draws somewhat recognizable picture that is meaningful to child if not to adult: names and briefly explains picture.
  • Knows own age.
  • Knows own name.
4 th year: "Growing self - reliance "



  • Plays with words : creates own rhyming words says or maes up words having similar sounds.
  • Knows own street and town.
  • Time concepts are expanding: can tal about yesterday or last week, about today, and about what will happen tomorrow.
5 th year : " Leaving the Nest "


  • Retells story from picture boo with reasonable accuracy.
  • Sorts objects by single characteristics.
  • Uses classroom tools meaningfully and purposefully.
  • Begins to relate clock  time to daily schedule.
6 th year : " A BIG FIRST GRADER " 


  • Begins to thin in a more coordinated way, and can hold more than one point of view at a time.
  • Begins to develop concepts of quantity .... distance, area, time,weight, length etc.
  • Can arrange objects in order of size.
  • Tells month and day of birthday. Counts up a hundred by repetition.

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Re: What happens when you miss your prayers *



Asssalaamualaikum,
 
Please find the attachment
 
--
Regards

Haaris Md



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Save on your mobile bills!

Sunday, November 21, 2010

Hey,

Join me and my friends on YouMint and stay connected with me and my friends.

- Earn from your friends for life!
- Send Free SMS any where in India.
- Get hot deals and gift vouchers.
- Play latest games, watch latest videos and have fun with your friends.
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-Mohamed Haaris

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BE HAPPY ALWAYS

Friday, November 19, 2010










It's not difficult to make youre self happy


Happiness is a state of mind is a relative term. different people have different perspectives about happiness. Read on ....

FORGET AND FORGIVE IS THE KEY
Learn to forget and forgive even if you are cheated  betrayed taunted or hit by someone. Unless you can forget and forgive grudge anger and frustration will envelope you thus making you very unhappy. Rehashing old stories only reinforces the pain and misery. Do not expect much from people and from life. if your expectation is not met it will make you unhappy.

  • Learn to forget and forgive even if you are cheated betrayed taunted.
  • Rehashing old stories only reinforces the pain and misery
NEVER COMPARE YOURSELF
Never compare yourself with others. Every person has his or her own ability and limitations.It only discourage you and is also a cause of low self - esteem. Learn to appreciate things you are presently have instead of complaining about things you don't have. show around you. That's the best thing to keep yourself happy. Be a social worker. Help people who are in distress. This will give you immense joy and a sense of contentment. Learn to be self affirming and find ways to be good to yourself. you'll feel
better even during stress and tension.

  • Comparing yourself with others will only discourage you to do any thing good in life and is also the cause of low self - esteem.
  • Show love care and respect to people around you. That's the best thing to eep yourself happy.

LEARN TO PRAISE YOURSELF

Pat yourself if you cooked a good meal or if you have painted a nice picture. Give some time to yourself. Do things you love to do the most. Read a good boo. Watch some movies. or just pamper yourself with a lavish spa treatment. This will definitely rejuvenate you and most importantly will make you feel joyful. Explore your spiritual side and learn the effect of spiritual healing. Spirituality is a great source of emotional support especially during hard times. It has the ability to make you mentally strong and help you focus on life. Enjoy life to the fullest. Learn to keep aside tension and anxiety and relax peacefully.


  • Explore your spiritual side and learn the effect of spiritual healing spirituality is a great source of emotional support especially during hard times of your life.




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A COMPREHENSIVE NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR " GENIUS CHILD "

Thursday, November 18, 2010


NUTRITIVE TIPS FOR CHILDREN

Nutrition and child development are two terms that often go hand. The more nutritious diet your child consumes the healtheir your child would be. The nutrition requirement of a differs from that of an adult because the child witnesses the phase of growth. It is owing to this  fact that there arises a need to encourage healthy nutrition for child.

  • Offer your child a wide variety of healthy nutritious foods lie green leafy veggies fresh fruits legumes etc.
  • Encourage your child to eat plenty of cereals but prefer incucating the habit of eating wholegrain.
  • milk and other milk products are a must for the growth of child. They act as fabulous sources of calcium that ensures your child's healthy bones and teet.
  • As far as intake of non - vegetarian food is concerned encourage your child to go in for lean  meat fish and poultry.
  • Choose foods that are less salty and less spicy.
  • Avoid foods that are high in sugar and fat content.
  • When it comes to cooing prefer going in for cooing techniques like steaming boiling and baking rather than going in for frying.


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A COMPREHENSIVE NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR " GENIUS CHILD "


IMPORTANCE OF DHA IN CHILDREN

A diet rich in DHA has been shown to improve focus behavior and cognitive function and even increase learning capacity in young children.

DHA also helps vision development because the retina contains a high concentration of the fatty acid.


improved vision development also leads to greater learning capabilities since the eyes are such important tools in education.


When the body has enough DHA the brain can function at its highest capacity. This is especially important in infants and toddlers because brains grow more rapidly in the first few years than at any other time of life.



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A COMPREHENSIVE NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR " genius child "

Tuesday, November 16, 2010


IMPACT OF EATING DISORDERS ON COGNITIVE ABILITIES AND FUNCTIONING IN SCHOOL

Eating orders ( unbalanced diet ) can profoundly affect a child's ability to learn. Listed below are key ways that an eating disorder can affect a child's cognitive functioning because of poor nutrition.

  • Can have deterimental effects on cognitive development in children.
  • Has a negative impact on student behaviour and school performance.
  • Makes students feel irritable decrease ability to concentrate and focus.
  • Can make students become less active and fatigue.
  • Can impair the immune system and makes students more vulnerable to illnesses.



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A COMPREHENSIVE NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR " GENIUS CHILD "




GENIUS CHILD

TO  UNDERSTAND THE VALUE OF GOOD NUTRITION IT IS IMPORTANT TO ESTABLISH GOOD EATING HABITS FROM A YOUNG AG. IT IS  NEVER ESTABLISH GOOD EATING HABITS FROM A YOUNG AGE. IT IS NEVER TOO EARLY TO TEACH CHILDREN THE VALUE OF AVOIDING HIGH FAT FOODS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FIBER CALCIUM IRON AND OTHER MINERALS IN THE DIET. UNDERSTANDING THE VALUE OF AND ADAPTING A WELL BALANCED DIET AT AN EARLY AGE HAS LIFE LONG BENEFITS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF CHILDREN.


1.  CHILDREN NEED A HEALTHY AND BALANCED DIET

  •  Proper nutrition in childhood is important for brain development and learning.
  •  Unfortunately some parents over think what to do about their child's eating habits which give way to practices lie forcing kids to clean their plates. And some parents don't thin about nutrition at all, letting their kids eat a lot of jun food and dein a lot of juice. So, it,s important to find a balance . 
  • The nutritional deficiencies created at this age may result in diminished congnitive skills and life long eating patterents that may cause disorders later in life leading to obesity.
  • Inadequate intake of nutrients may put the child at a future risk of certain types of cancer and cardio - vascular disease.
  • Children needs a combination of carbohydrates proteins and fats for their daily energy requirements.
  • The amount of fats required by infants is the highest in the first 6 months of life. After the age of 2 it is recommended to gradually reduce intake of total fat to levels which recommended for adults as well : to 30% energy.

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Re: Indian Visa Ready - urgent

Monday, October 25, 2010




Dear Frirend,


Please find attached file, In our company is having some Job Vacancy here in Qatar.(Indian Visa Ready with us ).So please forward this mail to your friends and relatives.Its very urgent.

--

Mohamed Basheer C Kalarickal
Managing Director

Helpline Services Co W.L.L.
P. B. No: 30043  Doha Qatar





--


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BIPOLOAR DISORDER AND TREATMENT

Tuesday, October 12, 2010



INTRODUCTION TO NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER
A neurological disorder is a disorder of the body’s nervous system. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain or spinal cord, or in the nerves leading to or from them, can result in symptoms such as paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, and loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. There are many recognized neurological disorders. Some relatively common, but many rare. They may be revealed by neurological examination and studied and treated within the specialties of neurology and clinical neuropsychology, Interventions include preventative measures, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy or other therapy neuro rehabilitation, pain management, pain management, medication, or operations performed by neurosurgeons.
TYPES OF EPILEPSY:-
 ABSENCE EPILEPSY:-
            People with absence epilepsy have repeated absence seizures. Absence epilepsy tends to run in families. The seizures frequently begin in childhood or adolescent. If the seizures begin in childhood, they usually stop at puberty.
                  Although the seizures don’t have a lasting effect on intelligence or other brain functions, children with absence epilepsy frequently have so many seizures that it interferes with school and other normal activities.
TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY:-
                  TLE is the most frequent cause of partial seizures and aura. The temporal loge is located close to the ear. It is the part of the brain where smell is processed and where the choice is made to express a thought or remain silent.
                  TLE often begins in childhood repeated TLE seizures can damage the hippocampus, a part of the brain that is important for memory and learning. Although the damage progressive very slowly. It is important to treat TLE as early as possible
FRONTAL LOBE EPILEPSY:-
                   The frontal lobe of the brain lies behind the forehead. They are the largest of the five lobes and are thought to be the centers that control personality and higher thought processes. Including languages and speech.
                   Frontal lobe epilepsy causes a cluster of short seizures that start and stop suddenly. The symptoms depend upon the part of the fronted lobe affected.
OCCIPITAL LOBE EPILEPSY:-
                    The occipital lobe lies at the back of the skull occipital lobe epilepsy is like fronted and temporal lobe epilepsies, except that the seizures usually begin with usual hallucinations, rapid blinding, and other symptoms related to the eyes.
PARIETAL LOBE EPILEPSY:-
                     The parietal lobe lies between the frontal and temporal lobes. Parietal lobe epilepsy is similar to other types in part because parietal lobe seizures tend to spread to other areas of the brain.
CAUSES OF EPILEPSY:-
BRAIN CHEMISTRY:-
                     Epilepsy may develop because of an imbalance in those chemicals in the brain that help the nerve cells in the brain transmit electrical impulses. These chemicals are called neuron transmitters.
                     Researchers think that some people who have epilepsy have too much of a neuron transmitter that increases impulse transmission and other have too little of neuron transmitters that reduce transmission.
                     Epilepsy may also cause by changes in brain cells called glia. Glias regulate concentrations of chemicals in the brain that can change the way neurons signal.
HEREDITARY CAUSES
                   Many types of epilepsy tend to run in families, and some have been traced to an abnormality in a specific gene. These genetic abnormalities can caused subtle changes in the way the body processes calcium, sodium and other body chemicals.
                   People who have progressive myoclonus epilepsy are missing a gene that helps break down protein. Those with a severe form of epilepsy called lafora’s disease are missing a gene that helps break down protein. Those with a severe form of epilepsy called lafora’s disease are missing a gene that helps break down carbohydrates.
                 Hereditary factors are not always direct cause of epilepsy but may influence the disease indirectly. Genes can affect the way people process drugs or can cause areas of malformed neurons in the brain.
OTHER DISORDER
·        Brain tumors, alcoholism, and Alzheimer’s disease can cause. Epilepsy because they alter the normal working of the brain.
·        Stroke, heart attacks and others conditions that affect the blood supply to the brain (cerebrovascular diseases) can causes epilepsy by depriving the brain of oxygen. About a third of all new cases of epilepsy that develop in older people are caused by cerebrovascular diseases.
·        Infection diseases such as meningitis, viral encephalitis, and AIDS can cause epilepsy.
·        Cerebral palsy, autism and a number of other developmental and metabolic disorders can cause epilepsy.

HEAD INJURY:-
                     Head injury can cause seizures; if the head injury is severe the seizures may not begin until years later. If the injury is mild the risk is slight.
PARANTAL INJURY:-
                    In a fetus the developing brain is susceptible to prenatal injuries that may occur if the pregnant mothers has an infection, doesn’t eat properly, smoke or abuses drugs or alcohol. These conditions called cerebral palsy.
                   About 20% of seizures in children are caused by cerebral palsy or other nervous system diseases. Sometimes epilepsy is linked to areas in the brain where neurons may not have formed properly during prenatal development.
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES
Epilepsy can be caused by
·        Environmental and occupational exposure to lead carbon monoxide, and certain chemicals
·        Use of street drugs and alcohol
·        Lack of sleep, stress, or hormonal changes
·        Withdrawal from certain antidepressant and anti – anxiety drug
EPILEPSY – SYMPTOMS:-
             Seizures are the only visible symptom of epilepsy there are different kinds of seizures and symptoms of each type can affect people differently. Seizures typically last from a few seconds to a few minutes. You may remain alert during the seizure or lose consciousness. You may not remember what happened during the seizure or may not even realize you had a seizure.
             Seizures that make you fall to the ground or make the muscles stiffen or jerk out of control are easy to recognize. But many seizures do not involve these reactions and may be harder to notice. Some seizures make you stare into spark for a few seconds. Others may consist only for a few twitches a turn of head, or a strange smell or visual disturbance that only you sense.
              Epileptic seizures often happen without warning, although some people may have an aura at the beginning of a seizure. A seizure ends when the abnormal electrical activity in the brain stops activity begins to retur4n to normal. Seizures may be either partial or generalized.
TREATMENT FOR EPILEPSY:-
            Treatment for epilepsy will not normally begin unless you have a second seizure.
             This is because it is quite common for a person to have a one – 0ff seizure and nerve have a second one.
              However, occasionally someone may have a tests carried out after one seizure such as an EGG test. Once the doctors have carried out their tests and asked for any witness reports, they will then decide whether they feel the person does have epilepsy and is so will need to start treatment.
ANTI – EPILEPTIC DRUGS (AED’S)  
             The majority of people with epilepsy can be successfully treated with medicines known as anti – epileptic drugs (AED’S) AEDs do not cure epilepsy. But they do prevent seizures from occurring.
             There are many different AEDs but they all tend to work by either.
Altering the electric transmission in your brain in a way that reduces the chance of a seizure, or
Altering the chemicals in your brain in a way that reduces the chance of a seizure
SIDE EFFECTS ARE COMMON WHEN STARTING TREATMENT WITH AEDs
·        Nausea
·        Abdominal pain
·        Drowsiness
·        Dizziness
·        Irritability, and
·        Mood Changes
                For some people, the side effects will pass within a few days, whereas for others, the effects may persist for many months.
               Some side effects, which produce symptoms that are similar to being drunk, occur when the dose of AEDs you are taking is too high. They include.
·        Unsteadiness
·        Poor Concentration
·        Drowsiness
·        Vomiting, and
·        Double vision

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BIPOLOAR DISORDER AND TREATMENT



INTRODUCTION TO BIPOLAR DISORDER:-
         Bipolar disorder or manic –depressive disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood episodes define by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood and one or more depressive episodes. The elevated moods are clinically referred to as mania or , if milder hypomania. Individuals who experiences manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or mixed episodes in which features of both mania and depression are present at the same time.
INTRODUCTION TO MANIA:-
      Mania is more than just feeling good or even euphoric with true mania, people can be described by words like “frantic”, “hyperactive” or over –excited often a person’s thought and speech is so “fast” that it tumbles over itself and becomes fragmented by following tangents of thoughts and ideas cycling between mania and depression is the hallmark of bipolar disorder (previously called manic-depression) but there are other possible causes of mania.
         Mania, the presence of which is a criterion for certain psychiatric diagnoses, is a state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal and/or energy levels. The word derives from the Greek “caviar” (mania).
          In addition to mood disorder’s individuals may exhibit manic behavior as a result of drug intoxication, medication side effect, or malignancy. However mania is most often associated with bipolar disorder, where episodes of mania may alternate with episodes of major depression. The criteria for bipolar do not include depressive episodes and the presence of mania in the absence of depressive episodes is sufficient for a diagnosis. Regardless, even those who never experience depression experience cyclical changes in mood. These cycles are often affected by changes in sleep cycle, diurnal rhythms and environmental stressors.
         Mania varies in intensity, from mild mania (known as hypomania) to fall-blown mania with psychotic features including hallucination and delusion naturally, since mania and hypomania have also been associated with creativity and artistic talent.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
       Characteristics of mania include rapid speech, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep hyper sexuality, euphoria, impulsiveness, grandiosity and an uncontrollably intense interest in goal-directed activities. Some people also have physical symptoms such as sweating, pacing, and weight loss in full-blown mania, the manic person well feel as thought his or her goal trump all else, that his or her goal trump all else, that there are not exercise restraint in the pursuit of what they are after Hypomania is different, as it may cause little or no impairment in function. The hypo manic person’s connection with the external world, and its standards of interaction, remain intact, although intensity of moods is heightened. But those who suffer from prolonged unresolved hypomania do run the risk of developing full mania even realizing they have done so one of the most signatures of mania is what many have described as racing thoughts. There are usually instances in which the manic person is excessively distracted by objectively unimportant stimuli. This experience creates an absent mindedness where the manic individual thoughts totally preoccupy him or her, making him or her unable to keep track of time or be aware of anything besides the flow of thought. Racing thoughts also interfere with the ability to fall asleep.
          Mania is always relative to the normal of intensity of the person being diagnosed with it, therefore, an easily-angered person may exhibits mania by getting even angrier even more quickly, and an intelligent person may adopt seemingly “genius” characteristics and an ability to perform and to articulate thought beyond what they can do in a normal mood but perhaps the easiest indicator of mania would be noticeably clinically depressed person becomes suddenly cheerful optimistic happy, and full of energy. Other element of mania may include delusions, hypersensitivity hyper sexuality,  hyperactivity impulsiveness, talkativeness, an internal pressure to keep talking (over-explanation) or rapid speech, grandiose ideas and plans, and decreased need for sleep (e.g. feeling rested after 3 or 4 hours of sleep) In manic and hypo manic cases the afflicted person may engage in out-of character behavior, such as questionable business transactions wasteful expenditures of money, risky sexual activity, recreational drug abuse, abnormal social interaction, or highly vocal arguments uncharacteristic of previous behaviors. These may increase stress in personal risk of relationships. Lead to problems at work and increase the altercation with law enforcement. There is a high risk of impulsively taking part in activity potentially harmful to self and other
TREATMENT
         Before beginning treatment for mania careful differential diagnosis must be performed to rule out non-psychiatric causes.
         Acute mania in bipolar disorder is typically treated with mood stabilizers and antipsychotic medication. Note that these treatment need to be prescribed and monitored carefully to avoid harmful side effect such as neuronleptic malignant syndrome with the antipsychotic medication. It may be necessary to temporarily admit the patient involuntary unit the patient is stabilized. Antipsychotic and mood stabilizers help stabilize mood of those with mania or depression. They work by dopamine and allowing serotonin to still work, but in diminished capacity
         When the manic behavior have gone, long-term treatment then focuses on prophylactic treatment to try to stabilize the patient’s mood, typically through a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy
          Lithium is the classic mood stabilizer to prevent further manic and depressive episodes. Anticonvulsants such as valproic acid and carbamazepine are also used for prophylaxis. More recent drug solutions include lamotrigine clonazepam is also used
          Verapamil a calcium- channel blocker is useful in the treatment of hypomania and in those cases were lithium and mood stabilizers are contraindicated or ineffective. Verpamil is effective for both short –term and long-term treatment.  

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