AF Data Digital Pvt. Ltd.,: Feb 12, 2010

HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS

Friday, February 12, 2010

HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problem all over the world. World wide 2 billion people are infected with tuberculosis and causes 2 million deaths annually. Forty percent patients live in Southeast Asia. Nearly one third of the global tuberculosis patients live in India. Every day in India more than 20,000 people get infected with Tuberculosis, more that 5000 developed Tuberculosis and 1000 die of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis kills 14 times more people than all tropical diseases combined. At the advent of HIV the situation got worsened.

Impact of HIV on Tuberculosis

About a third of the HIV population worldwide is co-infected with M.tuberculosis. Because HIV increases the risk of disease reactivation in people with latent TB and HIV -infected persons are more susceptible to new TB infection.
More than 50% of HIV-TB co-infected persons will develop TB in their lifetime compared with only a 10% risk if the person is HIV negative.
HIV-infected persons who become newly infected by M. tuberculosis rapidly progress to active TB.

In some countries, the HIV epidemic has tripled the number of TB cases.

Impact of TB on HIV

TB shortens the survival of patients with HIV infection.
TB may accelerate the progression of HIV as observed by a six- to sevenfold increase in the HIV viral load in TB patients.
TB is the cause of death for one out of every three people with AIDS worldwide.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIDS AND STDs

AIDS AND STD

The predominant mode of tr5ansmission of HIV and other STDs is sexual. Other routes of transmission for both include blood, blood products, donated organs or tissue and vertical transmission from an infected mother to her fetus or newborn infant.
Many of the measures for preventing sexual transmission of HIV and STDs are the same, as are the target audiences for these interventions.
When other STDs, are present, risk of transmission of HIV increases: making early diagnosis and effective treatment of STDs an important strategy for the prevention of HIV transmission.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases are not only a cause of acute morbidity in adults but may result in complications with sequelae as infertility in both men and women, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, premature mortality, congenital syphilis and fetal Wastage, low birth weight, and prematurity and ophthalmia neonatorum.

The STDs that are caused by bacterial, mycological and protozoal agents have been curable by appropriate antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for more than 40 years. In spite of this, such STDs have continued to be a public health problem in both industrialized and developing countries. In many developing countries STDs have for several decades had ranked among the top five diseases for which adults seek health care services. Reliable surveillance is rarely in place and the exact magnitude of the problem is frequently unknown. Where datas are available they show significantly greater rates in the 15-44 age group.

HOME FERTILITY TEST FOR SPERM COUNT

NOW, A HOME FERTILITY TEST FOR SPERM COUNT

At present, the male fertility test in a laboratory is a lengthy process in which ejaculation is submitted within an hour and a manual count is done for the spermatozoa concentration analysis

London : Having you ever been curious about your sperm count? If so, a home fertility test could be just the right course, say scientists.

An international team, led by university of Twente in the Netherlands, developed a home test kit- a 10-centimetre-long 'lab -on-a-chip' Which can well determine male fertility in just seconds.

At present, the male fertility test in a laboratory is a lengthy, process in which ejaculation is submitted within an hour-which generally precludes men from producing the sample at home-once submitted, a manual count is done for the spermatozoa concentration analysis.

"(But ) With our system we overcome these problems" Loes Segerink, Who led the team, was quoted as saying.

In the kit, the microfluidic chip contains a tiny channel through which spermatozoa are drawn by pressure flow. The sample is first doped with a concentration of polystyrene beads, and as beads and cells are drawn along the channel they pass between two elecrtrodes , altering electrical impedance.

The chip tallies the electrical perturbations due to the beads and cells, and comparing bead concentration to that of the spermatozoa provides the sperm count, the team says.

According to Segerink, the chip could take 12 seconds to determine sperm concentration with the same measurement error as a manual count. But while she stresses that the chip would be used as part of

hospital-run fertility treatment, it could be adapted to produce a cheap and easy to use version for self-diagnosis at home.PTI

Anti - depresent interferes with cancer treatment

CANCER TREATMENT

London: Taking a popular anti-depressant could slash chances of survival for women battling breast

cancer, says a new study.

Seroxat can interfere with a key breast cancer drug, say experts.Women taking tamoxifen to fight breast tumours were less likely to survive if they also took the antidepressant. The researchers said the results had "major implications for clinical practice" and warned women on Seroxat to see their general practitioner.

In the British Medical Journal study, researchers from the University of Toronto looked at 2,430 women aged over 66 who were taking tamoxifen and one of five anti-depressants. Those taking Seroxat were more likely to die from breast cancer and were slightly more likely to die from any other cause compared with women not on Seroxat. ANI

'FRAME'D: Ajay Devgn

Photo Pals !

Filmmaker Prakash Jha loves Ajay Devgn. He also feels that had it not been for Ajay, his Gangjal and Apaharan wouldn't have made the impact they did. Even as Ranbir Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Manot Bajpayee and Arjun Rampal say Rajneeti will be the turning point in

their careers, Ajay is underplaying his own role in the film. Somehow, he seems extra confident that with Prakash at the helm of affairs, he will quietly steal a march over the rest. Incidentally Prakash must definitely think of Ajay as more than just an actor . According to people who have visited the filmmaker's office, his personal table has only two photographs one, of his daughter, Disha, and the other of Ajay!

Remma and Andrea in a Still from Aayirathil Oruvan

AO rakes in the moolah

Director Selvaraghavan's Aayirathil Oruvan (AO), with all the controversies surrounding it, was an above average grosser in Tamil. But its dubbed Telugu version, Yuganiki Okkadu, which released last Friday, has taken a fantastic opening and has been declared a super hit by the trade in Andhra.

Sources say that the film took such a huge opening because of Selvaraghavan, who is quite popular in Andhra Pradesh, thanks to the success of his 7/G, Rainbow Colony) and straight Telugu film Aaddavari Matalaku ardhalu Verule (in 2007).

Meanwhile, seeing Karthi's success in Andhra, his cousin, producer Gnanavel Raja, who had distributed Yugantki Okkadu, is now dubbing his first film, ameer's 2007 classic Paruthiveeran as Palnati Veerudu in Telugu !

STAY CONNECTED: LARA DUTTA

Lara gets Personal

Bollywood is addicted to social-networking sites Now, Lara Dutta, with her leadership qualities, has gone one step further: Called '8 to8' , . every day at 8 pm, Lara answers eight random questions put forth by her fast-growing followers. From revealing her favourite cities to how she keeps her fit and sexy figure in check to what mythological creature she would want to be, it's fun and quite exciting for eager fans to have such an open and dedicated response to their queries.

UPSET: Kareena Kapoor and Saif Ali Khan

"Leave us Alone"

Saif ali Khan and Kareena Kapoor are hopping mad. The two, who have always been open about their relationship, can't understand why there would ever be a need for them to hide their Nikaah not only from the public but also from their families. This is not the first time that the media has got them married, but what irked Bebo more was that there were reports that the two had a formal engagement in the presince of maulvi on February 6 at the Chote Nawab's House in Bandra. Saif is said to have gifted her the latest model of fancy car.All angry Bebo shot back, enough; please leave us alone. These rumours are rubbish and we don't have any plans of getting married for the nest five years. " We promise this rumour will crop up again in five weeks' time, and one more round of rejoinders will follow, It's a cat and mouse game these two lovebirds are forced to play with the media.

A Still of Magalir Kalloori

Girl Power !

The world has changed and so have girls. Emphasising this fact is a Tamol film titled Magalir Kalloori, which is being directed by newcorner Babu Raj. Sources close to the uni say that the movie, based on a real life incident that happened in Coimbatore, revolves around a bunch of teenage firls in a women's college.

Dushyanthi, a visual communication student who has been modelling for the last five years, is making her debut in Kollywood with this film. The newbie, who has already acted in a short film titled Gateway, plays the lead in the film, which also features Ramya Nambeesan, Vani Vishwanath and Malayalm actor Suresh Gopi.

STRIKE ONE ! Shruti Haasan and Siddharth

Shruti's Striking Entry

Kamal Haasan's daughter Shruti and Siddharth don't intend to keep their relationship a secret any longer. After making a joint entry at the premiere of Siddhart's latest film Striker, the couple has taken another step to formalist their relationship. a source reveals, "Recently, Shruti officially introduced Siddharth to her parents. The family is aware of their fondness for each other. It seems like she is quite serious about him.Siddharth has also met Shrti's sister who he gets along well with. " recently, Siddharth was spotted cheering on Shruti at a popular night club in the city where she was performing. He even shared the same table as her superstar dad Kamal Haasan that evening.

However, when we quizzed the Boys star about friendship' with Shruti, this is what he had to say. "As of now, no. I'm not seeing jher we are really good friends, but currently, I am single."

LADY LUCK ? Sheriyn Chopra and GENTLEMAN : Shah Rukh Khan

Sherlyn hits a six

Sherlyn Chopra

Sherlyn Chopra is going places. for starters, it will be Kolkata. And form mid-March to end April, the sexy Bollywood starlet will be zipping across the country in the distinguished company of Bollywood Badshah Shah Rukh Khan. Sherlyn has been invited by King Khan to be his privileged guest during all his IPL team's matches of the Twenty20 cricket tournament.

Sherlyn, who bumbed into SRK backstage when he announced his official alliance with an inner wear brand to manufacture clothing merchandise for his team, politely asked if she might be his team's official cheerleader. But SRK gallantly replied that he would rather have the sexy sirn as his guest, seated in the VVIP bos, during the matches.

Well, may Sherlyn Chopra bring SRK's team the good luck that it was denied in the first two seasons. !

WILL SHE ? Tanushree Dutta

SOUTH CALLING

Tanushree Dutta

Kannada director Hemanth Hegde, who made the acclaimed Housefull, has plans of casting hottie Tanushree Dutta in his next, Rama Rama Shri Rama. If the deal materialises, Tanu would have worked in two south Indian languages in Tamil (Teeratha Vilayattu Pillai) and in Kannada !

"I wanted the film to have a pan-India image and the role demands some glamour. That's why I chose her, " says Hemanth, who has finished his first round of talks with the heroine. "When I narrated the story to her, she thought it was for a Hindi film. But then I told her that it'll be made in Kannada. If the film clicks here, I'll make it in Hindi, " explains the director. "I am confident she'll take up this project, "he adds.

FLAME, NOT FIRE: Kangana Ranaut

Past Life Regression !

Kangna Ranaut

According to a reliable source. Rohan Sippy's Dum Maro Dum (based on the drug racket in Goa) has finally found a leading lady Kangan Ranaut. Although Kangna has Abhishek Bachchan as her co-star in Dum Maro Dum, she won't be paired with him. she is being cast opposite the Telugu star Rana Daggubati, who will make his Hindi debut. However, the interesting part is that Kangna wil also be paired with her one-time boyfriend Aditya Pancholi, who plays the archvillain named Biscuit.

A source says, "Kangna plays a Goan drug addict named Tracy who is Aditya Panchli's moll and Daggubati's love interest. At the end of the film. Pancholi gets Kangna Killed. " What is even more surprising is tha Kangna feels no awkwardness about sharing screen space with Aditya, with whom she ended her relationship on a bitter note.

"Director Rohan Sippy was at first hesitant to approach her because of the Pancholi factor. But she surprised him by shrugging off all inhibitions about being paired with her ex.

Kangna's only reservation about the part was that she has played this kind of drug-snorting traumatised girl repeatedly. When quizzed, Kangna was guarded in her response, "Yes I have been approached. Let us see what happens. "

FIFA WORLD CUP IN SOUTH AFRICA PLAY ON SALMAN KHAN with ZAKUMI

A gets ready for Kick-ass action !

As Salman Khan dribbles with Zakumi, the official mascot of the 2010

FIFA World Cup in South Africa

Salman Khan is planning to go to South Africa between June 11 and July 11, to catch the 2010 FIFA World Cup TM actin live in the host nation. The Bollywood hunk, who's grown up playing the sport, is looking forward to the world's largest, most watched football extravaganza. It's being staged acress eight provinces and nine cities, with almost half-a million visitors expected to experience the spectacle firs hand while a television audience of between 35 and 40 billion "cumulative" viewers world wide will follow the matches live on screen. "Spot speaks a uninersal language, " sas Salman.

Agreeing that the FIFA World Cup is the most awaited sports event in the world, Medha Sampat, country head-India South Africa Tourism, says. "There are many attractively priced tour packages available in the market (with match tickets) and we are looking forward to welcomeing many Indians to South Africa in June-July this year. Given our expertise with hosting large-scale international events, we promise a memorable experience !"

Even without the attraction of watching world-class football stats like David Beckham and Cristiano Ronaldo live, south Africa is unmatched as a holiday destination. Its game lodges guarantee sightings of the 'Big Five' the lion, elephant, buffalo, rhino and leopard.Cape Town, its premier tourism destination, has the vibe of a big city with lots of scenic beauty, good food, terrific shopping, and adventure activities such as the highest bungee jump off the Bloukrans Bridge and shark cage diving among others ~ Other attractions in South Africa include Ushaka Marine World in Durban, Sun City, Johannesburg, jthe wildlife safaris in Kruger National Park,Port Harbour in Port Elizabeth, ostrich rides in Oudtshoorn, the Cango-Caves adventure in Knysna.

Salman, who's been to South Africa many times on film shoots, played around with Zakume - the official mascot for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in south Africa. A leopard with green hair, Zakumi gets his name from "ZA', the international code for South Africa, and 'kumi' , which means 10 in various African languages. His motto is "Zakumi's game is Fair play" - while the tournament's official slogan is 'KeNako' - 'it is time' , Time for South Africa to change the world's perceptions as it hosts a football extravaganza that is African and first class in every respect.

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