HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS

 HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problem all over the world. World wide 2 billion people are infected with tuberculosis and causes 2 million deaths annually. Forty percent patients live in Southeast Asia. Nearly one third of the global tuberculosis patients live in India. Every day in India more than 20,000 people get infected with Tuberculosis, more that 5000 developed Tuberculosis and 1000 die of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis kills 14 times more people than all tropical diseases combined. At the advent of HIV the situation got worsened.


Impact of HIV on Tuberculosis

• About a third of the HIV population worldwide is co-infected with M.tuberculosis. Because HIV increases the risk of disease reactivation in people with latent TB and HIV -infected persons are more susceptible to new TB infection.
• More than 50% of HIV-TB co-infected persons will develop TB in their lifetime compared with only a 10% risk if the person is HIV negative.
• HIV-infected persons who become newly infected by M. tuberculosis rapidly progress to active TB.

• In some countries, the HIV epidemic has tripled the number of TB cases.

Impact of TB on HIV

• TB shortens the survival of patients with HIV infection.
• TB may accelerate the progression of HIV as observed by a six- to sevenfold increase in the HIV viral load in TB patients.
• TB is the cause of death for one out of every three people with AIDS worldwide.