NUTRITION

NUTRITION FOOD PROTEIN : IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF CELLS IN THE BODY, HELPS BUILD AND REPAIR TISSUES AND MUSCLES. IRON : IS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND THE TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN TO TISSUES. SOURCES : EGG YOLK, LIVER, MEAT AND APPLE. CALCIUM : IMPORTANT FOR BUILDING & MAINTAINING BONES. SOURCES: MILK &MILK PRODUCTS, ICE CREAM. POTASSIUM ASSISTS IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION & MAINTAINING FLUID BALANCE IN BODY CELLS. SOURCES; BANANA VITAMIN A (RETINOL): IS ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CELLS AND TISSUES. SOURCES: EGGS, FISH OIL VITAMIN B1 (TAIAMINE ) ; PROTECTS THE HEART MUSCLE AND STIMULATES BRAIN'S ACTION.  IT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF THE ENTIRE NERVOUS SYSTEM. SOURCES: GROUNDNUTS, CASHEW NUTS, EGGS, FISH OIL. VITAMIN B2 ( RIBOFLAVIN) : IS ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH AND GENERAL HEALTH. IT IS INVOLVED IN A NUMBER OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE BODY AND IS THEREFORE SOURCES; MILK & DAIRY PRODUCTS, LEAFY VEGETABLES. VITAMIN B3 (NIACIN) : IS A VITAMIN OF THE B GROUP, ESSENTIAL FOR PROPER BLOOD CIRCULATION AND HEALTHY FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. SOURCES: POULTRY, FISH, PEANUT BUTTER. VITAMIN B6 (OYRIDOXINE): HELPS THE BODY TO CONVERT CARBOHYDRATES INTO GLUCOSE (SUGAR) WHICH IS "BURNED " TO PRODUCE ENERGY, AIDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DNA AND RNA, THE BODY'S GENETIC MATERIAL SOURCES: BELL PEPPER. TURNIP, GREENS, BANANA, POTATO & SPINACH VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID ): HELPS IN MAINTAINING A HEALTHY IMMUNE SYSTEM, ACTS TO INCREASE THE ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS AND THINS THE BLOOD. SOURCES : ORANGE, MELONS, DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES,POTATOES,KIWI.

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ANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES

FIBROUS tissue is often spoken of as a white fibrous tissue because it is composed mainly of white collagen fibres arranged in definite it is composed mainly of white collagen fibres arranged in definite lines. This arrangement gives great strength and fibrous tissue is found where resistance is required.  Between the definite bundles of white fibres some areolar tissue lies, which contains the nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels supplying the structure. Fibrous tissue tough and strong. It forms ligaments, except the elastic ones, and tendons. The dura mater lining the skull and neural canal, the periosteum covering bone, the strongest layers of fascia separating muscular sheaths, the fibrous  layer of the pericardium, and the sclerotic coat of the eye, are examples of fibrous tissue. Cartilage or gristle is a dense, clear blue-white substance, very firm but less firm than bone, It is found principally at joints and between bones, The bones of the embryo are first cartilage, then the growing centres persist as cartilage and when adult age is reached cartilage is found covering the bone ends. Cartilage does not contain blood vessels but is covered by a membrane, the perichondrium, from which it derives its blood supply.There are three main varieties of cartilage which demonstrate the characteristics of this substance- firmness, flexibility and rigidity. Hyaline cartilage consists of collagen fibresembedded in a clear, glassy, tough ground substance or matrix. The collagen fibres can only be identified if the matrix is dissolved away. It is firm and elastic and is found covering the ends of the long bones as articular cartilage, in the costlal cartilages, in the nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes where it keeps open the orifices. It is also the temporary cartilage from which bone is formed. In the developing embryo and foetus it acts as a temporary scaffolding supporting the other tissues until bone is laid down to replace it. The cells of hyaline cartilage are arranged principally in small groups in a tough matrix.

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ANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES

Retiform lymphoid or adenoid tissue is similar to areolar, but a particular kind of cell, the lymphocyte, is present in very large numbers and forms the bulk of the tissue. The lymphocytes are held together by fine connective tissue fibres together by fine connective tissue fibres, called reticular fibres. These are like immature collagen fibres. Mucoid tissue is found in the umbilical cord, at birth, in the jelly of Wharton. IT is also found in the adult in the virerous humour of the eye. .

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ANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES

Retiform lymphoid or adenoid tissue is similar to areolar, but a particular kind od cell, the lymphocyte, is present in very large numbers and forms the bulk of the tissue. The lymphocytes are held together by fine connective tissue fibres, These are like immature collagen fibres. Mucoid tissue is found in the umbilical cord, at birth, in the jelly of Wharton. It is also found in the adult in the vitreous humour of the eye. Adipose tissue .  Adipose or fatty tissue is deposited in most parts of the body.  It is associated with areolar tissue by the deposition of fat cells and is present in all subcutaneous tissue except that of the eyelids and the penis, and inside the cranial cavity. It consists of minute lobules of fat cells which are specially adapted to storing large droplets of fat. The substance contained in the cell is made up of  compounds of fatty acid and glycerin. Adipose tissue has a very liberal blood supply; each lobule possesses a network of capillary blood vessels which closely surrounds the fat cells contained in it' Adipose tissue performs a number of functions; To help support and retain in position the organs of the body. It is well known that the kidneys, for example, are deeply embedded in fat. To form a protective covering for the body. To act as a store of material which when required can be re-absorbed and, by combustion in the tissues during metabolism, provide a source of heat and energy for the use of the body.

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ANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES

Nervous Tissue.The nervous tissue consists of three kinds of matter, (a) grey matter, forming the nerve cells, (b) white matter, the nerve fibres, and (c) neuroglia a special kind of supports nerve cells and fibres. Nerve cells are composed of highly specialised granular protoplasm, with large nuclei and cell walls as other cells. Various processes arise from the nerve cells; these processes carry the nerve impulses to and from the nerve cells.

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